Rough Riders Essay - 825 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ROUGH RIDERS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ben Kerfoot nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3/7/02 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Per. 5†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With the July temperature climbing above 100 degrees, the soldiers journeyed off through the thick jungle toward the city of Santiago. Wearing uniforms of wool, the men struggled against the heat. Many soldiers who brought rations of food along often discovered that it had spoiled. Soon many of them became ill from malaria, fever, and dysentery. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After a few brief encounters, the Spanish and American armies confronted each other at the San Juan hills. The Spanish highly defended the hills along a ridge east of Santiago. Roosevelt scouted up and down the lines. â€Å"I had come to the conclusion that it was silly to stay in the valley firing up at the hills...the thing to do was to try to rush the entrenchments,† he said. With a pistol in one hand an a saber in the other, he rode up toward the top with his soldiers following on foot. They went all out toward the top, even though they were being slowed by the Spanish Roosevelt kept leading them on and eventually captured the top of Kettle Hill. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The battle for Santiago was the last major conflict over Spanish ownership of Cuba. Roosevelt and the Rough Riders forced the surrender of Santiago. Unlike George Dewey’s battle this battle came at a costly price. Out of the 568 rough riders landed in Cuba, only 339 were fit for service. All the rest were dead, wounded or sick. That July 1st was by far the mostShow MoreRelatedMilitary History / Book Review The Rough Riders Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesKatherine Agurcia December 4, 2016 Military History/ Book Review 3 â€Å"The Rough Riders† was a very well-known infantry, name given to the first U. S Volunteer Cavalry during 1898. Before becoming President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt leader the Cavalry along with Colonel Leonard Wood as second in command. The Rough Riders were part of the Spanish-American war; Battle of the Guasmas, Battle of San Jun Hill and Seige of Santiago. Roosevelt goes into details about his journey to CubaRead MoreImportance Of The Hero s Journey1696 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence of the Hero’s Journey. Typically, a hero is considered someone who goes out and achieves great things, not only for themselves but for the greater good. In the book â€Å"Hero with a Thousand Faces† written by Joseph Campbell, the film â€Å"Whale Rider† directed by Niki Caro, and the life events of Martin Luther King Jr. this is evident. It is important to pay attention to the myths of the Hero’s Journey in readings and films because the hero begi ns in one place and ends in another, characters canRead MoreWho Is A Person Ever Hop On A 1700 Pound Bull?2540 Words   |  11 Pagesclose look at bull riding. This show is about Brazilian’s bull riders and how they compete in Brazil as well in the United States at the Professional Bulling Riding events. Fearless focuses on the riders interactions and how the filmmakers present the riders career. They also focus on how tough these bull riders really are and the aggression it takes to keep riding the massive bulls week after week. They show that these male bull riders represent what men should value and how they are role models forRead MoreThe Battle Of San Juan Hill1066 Words   |  5 Pagesdefenses, but that Col Roosevelt in his telling chose to lump the entire area into San Juan Hill. The most widely accepted accounting is based off of the reports Col Roosevelt submitted to General Leonard Wood, Col Roosevelt’s postwar story The Rough Riders, and the articles writ ten by New York Herald reporter Richard Harding Davis. (Yockelson, Spring 1998) The First Infantry Division, the main effort began the attack on San Juan Hill between 12:00P.M. and 1:00P.M. with the support of three GatlingRead MoreThe Spanish American War of 1898 Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesdays later, with the capture of Cavite arsenal, he also gained a repair and refueling base, essential for maintaining his squadron under wartime conditions thousands of miles from home. On May 15, Theodore Roosevelt began training the famous Rough Riders for battles in Cuba, which brought him the fame that made him vice president in 1901 and then president on September 13 . In Washington, President McKinley received the news of the great battle. However, the battle of Manila did not end the warRead MoreThe Spanish American War s Impact On America892 Words   |  4 PagesNavy to recruit and organize the very first cavalry in the Spanish-American War (Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders). This all volunteer force, became known as the Rough Riders, and eventually Roosevelt’s Rough Riders. The Rough Riders received the most publicity out of the war, and Roosevelts involvement with the war was heavily publicized by the press (Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders). This bolstered his fame, and eventually helped him rise to the position of United States Vice PresidentRead More Teddy Roosevelt Essays919 Words   |  4 Pagescredentials that were needed to become a member. (Roosevelt) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Roosevelt did many beneficial things for his country, both as the President and as a soldier. One of the key features in his life was his involvement with the â€Å"Rough Riders† during the Spanish-American War, from April of 1898 to September of 1898. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Prior to his involvement in the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was the Secretary of the Navy. He resigned from that position to begin organizingRead MoreThe Influence of Imperialism on Racism818 Words   |  3 Pagesimperialism led to the occurrences of wars, which caused the whites’ prejudice that black soldiers could not regulate themselves without the direction of white officers. The article The African Roots of War by W.E.B. Du Bois and the article The Rough Riders by Theodore Roosevelt can support my point of view. In the 19th century, western countries began to expand the economy through imperialist methods such as colonization. In order to justify their seemed inhuman behaviors, imperialist countriesRead MoreRodeos: Rodeo and Event1658 Words   |  7 Pagesis for children between the ages of five and eighteen (National 35). There are seven main events in most rodeos. These events are broken down into two categories, timed events, and rough stock events. The timed events include steer wrestling, tie-down roping, team roping, and womens barrel racing, while the rough stock events are bare-back bronco riding, saddle-back riding, and bull riding. All seven events are unique in their own way, but are equally exciting for competitors and spectators. Read MorePersonal Narrative : A Semester Of Learning959 Words   |  4 Pageswhen writing my narrative essay, process essay, and research essay. When working on my narrative essay â€Å"Last Breath,† my teacher, Mrs. Beddingfield, revealed the importance of proper mechanics to me by correcting errors in my rough draft and final essay. After reading my rough draft, Mrs. Beddingfield pointed out the inconsistency of the verb tense. Nearly the entire story took place in the present, but half of the verbs indicated it was in the past. One example of this is when I wrote, â€Å"Rushing to

Nursing Informatic Systems Free Essays

Just like other fields, the nursing profession is turning towards using computers for many areas of their daily tasks.   These areas include documentation, building an information database, and communication between shifts, departments, and even facilities.   A broad base of benefits come with nursing informatics, both in terms of direct and individual job performance and in terms of benefits to the nursing profession overall. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Informatic Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now    According to McCormick and Delaney (2004) â€Å"many reports† support computerizing nursing practices â€Å"in reducing medical errors and encourage implementation of evidence-based healthcare practice† (p. 4). One recommended format for informatic systems is that of bedside terminals.   McCormick and Delaney state that these easy-to-use systems have the benefits of care plan integration, eliminating data redundancy, and increased accessibility of data.   The authors also indicate that there are â€Å"soft benefits related to improvements in patients safety,† as well as in communication between nurses and smoother workflow between care providers (p. 4). A survey conducted by Lofstrom (2004) for the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) indicated that quality initiatives, including problem solving and patient care, were identified by 25% of the respondents as being among their top three job responsibilities (p. 4).   Many of the survey respondents also identified development and implementing informatics as part of their daily tasks (p. 8). These suggested uses and benefits all indicate that nursing informatics are becoming an integral part of the profession as a whole.   They benefit the individual nurse and his or her patients because they create simplified record keeping and record sharing.   However, they also benefit the profession as a whole because they encourage more consistency in nursing terminology.   Despite these benefits, however, most of the nursing informatic professionals responding to the survey were not responsible for patient care (p. 4). Nursing informatics have the potential for benefiting both nurses and their patients as they are integrated into current nursing systems.   Although the benefits they provide to patients might not be direct, they are present in terms of increased record-keeping clarity and increased patient safety. References Lofstrom, J. (2004).   2004 HIMSS Nursing Informatics Survey.   Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.   http://www.himss.org/content/files/nursing_info_survey2004.pdf McCormick, K. and Delaney, C. (2004). Nursing informatics leadership response to President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) questions regarding â€Å"The New Healthcare: How Information Technology is Transforming America’s Health Care System.†Ã‚   http://www.allianceni.org/doc/PITACResponse.pdf       How to cite Nursing Informatic Systems, Essay examples

Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation

Question: Discuss about the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation. Answer: Introduction Lifecycle skill formation is an economic model that describes the development of skills in a child. The model explains that there are intrinsic as well as external factors that influence the development of a child's skills. The intrinsic factors include age, sex, physical intelligence, and psychosocial measures. For the external factors or the environmental factors, they include sidewalks, distance, pathways, amenities, safety, and policies. The model also indicates that skill development ability reduces as one ages. This is due to reduced engagement in physical activity. Moreover, Income is also cited as another factor that contributes to the reduction of physical activity (Cunha et al., 2017). Building blocks of physical activity According to Laureate James Heckman an economist, physical activity is made up of both cognitive as well as noon-cognitive blocks. The cognitive block is the one associated with intelligence of an individual while the non-cognitive block is associated with the level of internal motivation and social beliefs. The combination of the two blocks contributes heavily to the behavior and health outcomes of an individual (Klika, 2017). The Economist continues and differentiates between skills and abilities. Ability is that which one can do and is inbuilt or acquired due to previous learning experience, while a skill is something one acquires through learning. During the development of skills through physical activity, it is found out that there are those stages when the skills are easily inculcated, this period is referred to as the sensitive period, they are stages which an individual is more productive in terms of skill development. As one continues to improve their skills, through skill development during the sensitive periods, one attains self-productivity in which a skill learned at a particular stage helps in developing another skill in another stage. For instance, a person may learn to hold a pen in his/her childhood stage and later use the skill to inscribe letters on a book and finally learn to construct a meaningful message (Krishnamoorthy, 2009). Once an individual has attained the self-productivity stage, he/she can now use the already learned skills to learn new ones. This is known as complementarity. Complementarity capitalizes on the skills developed earlier in other stages of development. Complementarity increases the productivity of skills that had been learnt at a later stage of life. It is proven that investment made earlier in life whether financially or skill wise magnifies the returns on investment made later in life ("The 5 Building Blocks towards Increasing Physical Activity", 2017). The multiplier effect is the abilities and skills that are resulted from merging complementarity with self-productivity. This effect builds on the current abilities to acquire more skills during development. According to life cycle skills formation model, the most basic skills increases the opportunities to add value of any future skill one wants to develop. Moreover, the investment made earlier in life through education e.g. physical education is higher and more important than investment developed later in life independently. For instance, investment in kids' development compared to investing on oneself at old age (Klika, 2017). Conclusion Just as in economics, the investment made later in life yields less without investment made earlier in life. With the view of this insight, it is evident that the individuals developmental environment such as parenting that did not promote cognitive and non-cognitive skill development mainly disadvantages individuals. Therefore, in shaping great outcomes, families play a significant role in skills development. As cited in the paper, investments made in late stages are not as productive. Consequently, efforts made to intervene to compensate for the earlier disadvantage, such as a job-training program, are not as effective. References Cunha, F., Heckman, J., Lochner, L., Masterov, D. (2017).Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation.NBER. Retrieved 25 March 2017, from https://www.nber.org/papers/w11331 Klika, B. (2017).The Foundational Building Blocks of Physical Literacy.ACE Fitness. Retrieved 25 March 2017, from https://www.acefitness.org/blog/5490/the-foundational-building-blocks-of-physical Krishnamoorthy, S. (2009). Family Formation and the Life Cycle.Demography,16(1), 121. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061083 The 5 Building Blocks Towards Increasing Physical Activity. (2017).O2 Fitness Clubs. Retrieved 25 March 2017, from https://www.o2fitnessclubs.com/5-building-blocks-towards-increasing-physical-activity/

S Belser Essays - Libertarian Theory, John Locke, Empiricists

S Belser Human Nature and Self Government Thomas Hobbes and John Locke developed theories on human nature and how men govern themselves. Despite their differences, Hobbes and Locke, both became two of the most influential political theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world, influencing the creation of many new governments. These philosophers both recognize that people develop a social contract within their society, but have differing views on what exactly the social contract is and how it is established. Hobbes and Locke each developed differing versions of the social contract, but both agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for societys protection and that the government has definite responsibilities to its citizens. Both philosophers agree that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature. The state of nature is the condition men were in before political government came into existence, and what society would be if there was no government. Hobbes and Locke created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature. They did not believe government should be organized through the Church therefore abandoned the idea of divine right, where power of the King came directly from G-d. Starting from a clean slate, with no organized church, they needed a construct on which to build society. The foundation of society began with the original state of nature. Hobbess perception of the original state of nature is what would exist if there were no common power to execute and enforce the laws to restrain individuals. In this case, the laws of the jungle would prevail where only the strongest survive. Hobbes felt that everyone should live in peace, but you should protect yourself by all means necessary. Resources are scarce and humankind is naturally competitive. This inevitably created jealousy and hatred, eventually leading to war. This constant state of war is what Hobbes believes to be mans original state of nature. According to Hobbes, man cannot be trusted in the state of nature. Limits must be put on freedom and inalienable rights, when there is an excess of freedom and power it is easily and often abused. Hobbes lived in the 17th century, and wrote during the time of the English Civil War. I believe that his political views could have been influenced by the war. Hobbes perceived that by bringing back the monarch; there would be an end to the civil war. On the other hand, John Locke believes the original state of nature is a state of perfect freedom where men do whatever it is in their will and ability to accomplish. Every man has the liberty to arrange his life in the manner he chooses, however no man has the liberty to kill himself. Unlike Hobbes nature of constant war, Lockes state of nature is peaceful, based on the fact that men do not want to risk their lives by constantly fighting. All men desire the right to live and respect that everyone is after the same thing. Man, according to Locke, is governed by reason in the state of nature. Locke was influenced by the revolutionary upheaval in a different way than Hobbes. The war caused Locke to dislike violence and extremes. Stability was the central assumption of his thinking. Hobbes reasoning was derived from the assumption that man was naturally vicious or wicked, while Lockes era was more optimistic about mans nature and reasoning. Preservation of mankind is the law of nature established by Hobbes and Locke. In order to abide by this law, man enters into an agreement, forming the social contract. The social contract is a theory that views the foundation of morality being founded solely on uniform social agreements that serve the best interests of those who make the agreement. It is an agreement by which men are said to have abandoned the state of nature in order to form the society in which they now live. Hobbes believes that people surrender their natural rights and submit to the absolute authority of a sovereign, who attained power through the collective submission of the people. Even though the power of the sovereign is accumulated from the people, the sovereign has absolute power. Locke, however argued that agreement to

Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay Essays

Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay Essays Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay Essay Journal on The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay Essay 1587. Day 1 We arrived today on the island of Roanoke. Queen Elizabeth of England had sent us over here to get down a settlement in the new universe. There were about one hundred and 20 people on board that bantam vas dwelling of work forces. adult females. and kids. I am really happy to do it onto land after so long on the H2O in a crowded ship. The land is heavy with woods. and the organic structures of H2O that surround us are beautiful. John White has been named governor of our settlement. Day 20 I have been inside the huts all twenty-four hours taking attention of the kids and seeking to do it more like a place. I’ve conversed with another one of the ladies and she told me that some of the work forces have ventured into the forest today looking for the lost settlers. There were many gentlemen sent over during England’s last trip ; they were to get down constructing a cantonment. but ran out of supplies so one ship returned to England while the remainder of the work forces stayed here. The 15 of them that stayed have disappeared without any hints as to what happened to them. I besides heard rumours that they have made friends with the Croatoan Indians. and that they will assist us with acquiring supplies. When they returned this afternoon they announced that their day’s expedition was to no help. Soon we all have to get down calculating out a manner to acquire nutrient. we have enough to last for a long clip. but finally we will run out. Day 30 The yearss are get downing out to be the same each twenty-four hours. I have taken attention of the kids all twenty-four hours and cleaned this foul hovel up. Some of the work forces ventured out once more for hope of the lost settlers. but once more to no help. Others worked all twenty-four hours constructing places. Hopefully they will be finished shortly so we can acquire a proper roof over our caputs. John White is speaking of another trip to return to England for more supplies shortly. Day 100 The indigens have brought us nutrient today and hold taught the work forces what workss are comestible. We still are in demand of supplies though and a ship will be go forthing shortly to roll up. Our work forces have lost all hope of happening the 15 work forces who had disappeared. so groups have been on missions to happen gold or some kind of cherished metals to show to her stateliness that the new Colonies are profitable. Day 300 The ship left to travel back to England months ago. and we’ve lost all hope of its return. We have run out of supplies. the indigens are assisting us. but to remain at Roanoke is hopeless. Settlers have decided to get down a move someplace else. John White had organized an onslaught on the enemy Indians who we had heard attacked and killed our 15 work forces left on Roanoke. a few months back. but alternatively we attacked the Croatoans by accident. The Indians are non really lament on us now so we can non trust on them for shelter and nutrient. We have packed all our supplies left and ventured inland. The ship sent back to England didn’t return to the settlement for 3 old ages. During that clip England was at war with Spain and couldn’t afford to allow one of it’s ships return to Roanoke with supplies no affair how much John White begged the Queen. When England had won the war in 1590. a ship was sent back with supplies for the settlement. Once arrived on land. they discovered that the hundred and 16 people had abandoned Roanoke. All that was left was the word Croatoan carved into a tree. The settlement was neer found and the ship returned to England non cognizing the destiny of the settlers.

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier In this article, we will look at how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º), the   Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. First, I will give you a quick and dirty way if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then I’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing names in Chinese Pronouncing names in Chinese can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard even if you have. Many letters used to write the sounds in Mandarin (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont match the sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess the pronunciation will lead to many mistakes. Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. The quick and dirty way of pronouncing Li Keqiang Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in a vast majority of cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Listen to the pronunciation here while reading the explanation. Repeat yourself! Li - Pronounce as lee.Ke - Pronounce as cu- in curve.Qiang - Pronounce as chi- in chin plus ang- in angry. If you want want to have a go at the tones, they are low, falling and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to actually pronounce Li Keqiang If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: LÇ  (third tone) - The l is a normal l as in English. Note that English has two variants of this sound, one light and one dark. Compare the l in light and full. The latter has a darker character and is pronounced farther back (its velarised). You want the light version here. The i in Mandarin is further forward and upward compared to i in English. Your tongue tip should be as far up and forward as possible while still pronouncing a vowel! Ke (fourth tone) - The second syllable is not that hard to pronounced okay, but is hard to get completely right. The k should be aspirated. The e is similar to the e in the English word the, but farther back. To get it completely right, you should have about the same position as when you say the [o] in Pinyin po, but your lips shouldnt be rounded. However, it will still be perfectly understandable if you dont go that far. Qiang (second tone) - The initial here is the only tricky part. q is an aspirated affricate, which means that it is the same a s Pinyin x, but with a short stop t in front and with aspiration. The tongue tip should be down, lightly touching the teeth ridge behind the lower teeth. The are some variations for these sounds, but Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º) can be written like this in IPA: [liÌ€ kÊ °Ã‰ ¤ tÉ•Ê °jaÅ‹] Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learnt the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Science tells us the truth about reality (or not) Essay

Science tells us the truth about reality (or not) - Essay Example Science is victorious in the curing of doubt because it helps in tracking the real world state. It however cannot tell us the truth about reality. Many people have the belief that science is purely objective (Science and Reality, 1984). That it can be likened to a machine for churning out facts and converting ignorance to knowledge. Scientists are also seen like they are a special breed of truth-discoverers. Their pronouncements are viewed like the gospel. However, in reality, the practice of science deserves a more cynical look. Scientists are human too. They have insecurities to navigate, reputations to defend and careers to progress. They also do not abandon their years-long research programs or theories the minute something bad happens (Thind, 1939). Studies that did not work are run again, equipment is repaired or replaced and assistants of research get fired. It can be a messy job. A person’s best bet might be to appeal to some account of ideal form, citing a privileged relationship to truth if they wanted to mount a defense of science. And so long as it is done right, science deserves our commitment since it exceeds subjective belief and common sense and manages to latch on to ultimate reality in some systematic way. We would be compelled by science if we are committed to reason (Latour, 1999). However, this is where the founder of the school of thought known as pragmatism, Charles Peirce would disagree. In an essay he wrote in 1877, the fixation of belief (Peirce, 1997), he tries to forward the method of science without appeal to rationality, objective truth or reason. He instead argues that science if more like a good trick that happens to trump all other prescriptions. This is what pragmatism is all about. Anyone has uncertainty? Try science. Not for any metaphysical or theoretic reason but on the rounds of pragmatism instead. It just works. That explanation may however be too easy. First we may want to ask

Database server manager Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Database server manager - Coursework Example When archiving online redo log files previous redo log information is also preserved for tasks such as media recovery. You can set the pre-allocated online redo log file continue to be in use for storage of the resent database changes. This is a set of the operating system files which keep record of all changes made in any database buffer, these changes include data, rollback segments and index, these a\changes are recorded whether they are committed or not committed. Every redo entry is a combination of vector like structure illustrating atomic change to the database. Always the redo secures changes made to database buffer in the memory which has not been written to a data file. Once you have established the cause of the crash use database recovery software to recover the crashed database from the crashed database. In the process of database recovery make sure you restore it to the point where the database was that is ensuring you have the latest database data that was recorded before it had crashed. Since changing of database information before doing anything on the problem at hand I will back up the database so that I may avoid future problems which may arise due to change of database records. After the database backup now I will interrogate the user on what kind of data was entered wrongly. Depending on the nature of the information I may take another action by involving the relevant authorities before I make any changes. To evaluate the retention of customers is by queering the data ware house to determine whether the older customers still make transactions if not the organization should make follow up in order to bring them back on board. Parallel server technology coordinator looks individual operation in a SQL statement’s execution plan and then determines way in which each row operated on in the operation should be divided or shared among the parallel execution servers. The star query separates business operations data

Jacob Zuma Essay Example for Free

Jacob Zuma Essay But it was not easy for him to get this position. His father died at the end of World War 2. After his father death his mother took up employment as a domestic worker in Durban. He spent his childhood moving between Zululand and the suburbs of Durban and by the age 15 he took on odd jobs to supplement his mother’s income. Also he did not receive formal schooling. He learned to read and write properly in his late teens while serving as a young trade union activist. He became involved in politics at an early age and joined that African Notational congress in 1959. He became an active member of umkhonto we sizwe witch means (Spear of the nation) in 1962 following the banning of the ANC in 1960. While on his way out of the country in 1963 he was arrested with a group of 45 people recruits near zeerust by the northern west province. Convicted of conspiring to overthrow the government, he was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment, which he served on Robben Island. While in prison he was given to the chance to get more of an education. After his release Jacob Zuma helped mobilize internal resistance and was instrumental in the reestablishment of ANC underground structures in the then natal province thought out 1973-1975. He left South Africa in 1975and for the next 12 years, based in Swaziland and then Mow-zum-beek dealing with thousands of young exiles who poured out south Africa in the wake of Soweto uprising. HE lived in several African countries working for ANC, where he rose rapidly to become a member of the ANC National Executive committee in 1977. He also served as the Deputy Chief Representative of the Anc in Mow-zum-beek, post he occupied until the signing of the Nkomati Accord between the Mow-zum-bican and south African government in 1984. After the signing of the Accord, he was appointed as Chief Representative of the ANC and was one of the few who remained in Mow-zum-beek to carry out the work of the organization, crossing in and out of South Africa on a number of occasions. Jacob was forced to leave Mow-zum-beek in January 1987 after considerable pressure on the Mowzumbican government. HE moved to the ANC Head of office in Lusaka Zambia where he was appointed Head of underground structures and shortly thereafter chief of intelligence department. It’s a long way for a man to come considering his childhood and never having any formal education, having been in prison for 10 year. If he can overcome those odds than anybody should be able to become president.

Essay --

1.0 Introduction Digital information in China defined as information or records that are created in digital device and environment, also in digital format used device such as computer for access and process it (Liu, 2013). According to Voutssas (2012), digital preservation is the process of maintaining digital information using technology according to established policies and procedures as told by InterPARES (2006). National Archive of China and Latin America faced several problems in order to establish long-term preservation of digital information. Preservation of digital information is one of the activities that face with many problems than to print or other material format. The main problems are technological and economic that will influence the process of preserving digital information. For the technology obstacle, it’s related with the software, hardware, and also operating system that information may become unreachable and unfeasible and the cost use become high than others. Long-term pr eservation means that preservation that establishes for long period of times and need extra costs and personnel. 2.0 Discussion That’s important to preserve the digital information because to ensure that information still reliable and authentic for the future. This is because the information in archive has enduring value and act as evidence for some events. However, it’s not easy to preserve digital information because they need specialist to manage it and will face several problems. 2.1 Cultural Cultural problem totally about the awareness of people and institution in maintaining digital information by preserved them. That’s mean people in institution or organization in China and Latin America lack of awareness about the important of pre... ...need to think the ways to overcome the problems that exist while establish preservation for digital information or materials. The main problems that should be overcome are technology and cost problem. That’s problem related each other because in order to preserve digital materials, they need to use technology and assure need expert people to manage technology that they use and the cost will high. Besides that, the government should establish policies and procedures and give penalties to whose not follow those policies in preserving digital materials. This is to ensure that the materials preserve in proper way and maintain for future generation and the authenticity of the information still exist. Emergency plan also need to prepare in order to prevent that digital information damage while disaster such as backup or make copies and store in other storage media.

Photosynthesis Rate

Photosynthesis Lab Before you begin, save this Lab Report Template on your computer as LastNameAPBIOPhoto Read all the instructions below BEFORE you start! 1. Please go to the following website: http://www. biocourse. com/mhhe/bcc/domains/biolabs. xsp 2. Scroll down and click on the link to Photosynthesis. It is the 6th one down on the left. 3. Read the instructions for entering the virtual lab. There is background information in the online lab manual that will be helpful in interpreting your results. Please review the steps in the light and dark reactions of Photosynthesis BEFORE or WHILE you are completing this lab simulation.You may want to have your textbook open to refer to while you do the lab. You may also need to use additional sources of information. 4. Remember to cite ALL external sources that you use, using proper MLA style. 5. YOU DO NOT NEED TO ANSWER THE ONLINE QUESTIONS, but you should think about them as you proceed thorough the lab. Note: Lab Instructions start on t he next page! Experiment 1: Habitat and Photosynthetic Rates Predict the relative photosynthetic rates of plants from a shaded rainforest floor, a coastal region with moderate light, and a sunny desert:Rainforest Prediction: ____________________________________________ Coast Prediction: ________________________________________________ Desert Prediction: _______________________________________________ a. Continue to the simulation screen and click Clear Data and click the Native Habitat tab b. Select Rainforest floor and then click Graph Data c. Repeat for Coast and Desert. d. Record your results in the Table 4-1, reading the data from the online display e. Graph your data using Create-a-Graph (http://nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/) Results Experiment 1Data Table 4. 1: Habitat and Photosynthesis at Different Light Intensities Light Intensity (foot-candles)Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) RainforestCoastDesert 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Analysis Experiment 1 a. How is p hotosynthetic rate measured? b. Explain why the photosynthetic rate is negative at low levels of light intensity. (HINT: Is there a net uptake or release of CO2 at low light intensity? ) c. Which of the 3 types of plants had the highest photosynthetic and which had the lowest? d. Did this observation agree with your predictions? . Indicate factors that might be associated with the differences in photosynthetic rates in the 3 types of plants. f. At what light intensity level did photosynthetic rate level off? Was this light intensity the same for all plants? g. Explain why the photosynthetic rate levels off. h. Is there a relation between light intensity and leveling off of photosynthetic rates in the different plants? i. Explain how plants become acclimated to light levels normally found in their native habitat. Conclusion Experiment 1: Short, testable statement! HINT: Rank the plants from high to low photosynthetic rate) Experiment 2: Light Color and Photosynthetic Rates Predict th e relation of carbon dioxide level and photosynthesis rates: Prediction: ____________________________________________ a. Click Clear Data and then the CO2 levels tab b. Select 274 ppm (parts per million) and click Graph Data c. Repeat with 370, 740, and 1000+ ppm CO2 d. Record your results in the Table 4-2, reading the data from the online display e. Graph your data using Create-a-Graph (http://nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/)Results Experiment 2 Data Table 4. 2: CO2 Levels and Photosynthesis at Different Light Intensities Light Intensity (foot-candles)Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) 274 ppm CO2370 ppm CO2740 ppm CO21000+ ppm CO2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Analysis Experiment 2 a. What is the relation between CO2 levels and photosynthesis rates? b. Indicate where and explain why the photosynthesis rates level off at different levels of light intensity. c. Are CO2 levels a rate-limiting factor? Explain. d. What is a greenhouse gas? e. What is global warming? f.Suggest a possible relation between plant function, greenhouse gases, and global warming. Conclusion for Experiment 2: Short, testable statement! (HINT: Indicate the relation of CO2 levels and photosynthesis rate) Experiment 3 Predict the relation of light color and photosynthesis rates: Prediction: ____________________________________________ a. Continue to the simulation screen and click Clear Data and then the light color tab b. Select white light and click Graph Data c. Repeat with red, blue, green, and yellow light d. Record your results in the Table 4-3, reading the data from the online display e.Graph your data using Create-a-Graph (http://nces. ed. gov/nceskids/graphing/) Results Experiment 3 Data Table 4. 3: Light Color Photosynthesis at Different Light Intensities Light Intensity (foot-candles)Photosynthesis Rate (mg CO2/g fresh leaf) WhiteRedBlueGreenYellow 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Analysis Experiment 3 a. Which light is most effective in driving photosynthesis rate? b. At what light intensity does the photosynthesis rate level off for white light? c. Why does the photosynthesis rate level off for white light but not for the individual colors? d.Which colors, other than white, are associated with the highest photosynthesis rate? With the lowest? e. What colors of light do plant leaves absorb during the growing season? f. What colors of light do plant leaves reflect during the growing season? g. How does chlorophyll interact with accessory pigments to broaden the spectrum of light for photosynthesis? Conclusion Experiment 3: Short, testable statement! (HINT: Rank the colors from high to low photosynthetic rate) Reflection: Statement about what you learned from this lab simulation. (NOTE: The reflection should be AT LEA

How War Is Necessary Essay

Mr.Weirzbowski-English 10 War has been with mankind for many millenniums. The reasons for wars in mankind’s history have all been various, however one big reason for war is that countries want to grow bigger, by taking over one another. Throughout history, rulers would not be satisfied with the amount of land that they had or wanted to spread their beliefs around the world. So, they did it by trying to take over others. However, some didn’t want to give up their land or change, so they fought. Fighting these wars are, however, necessary no matter what people believe. This is because fighting them and winning will stop them from controlling others. Some wars that stopped countries from controlling others are the second world war, the war in Vietnam, and the Revolutionary war. However, there are claims that the Vietnam war could’ve been avoided, but there would’ve been consequences for going to war. War is necessary because it’s a way to try to stop countries from dominating o ver others and controlling them. There are many ways that war has stopped countries from controlling one another. Firstly, the Vietnamese war was necessary because, the war would’ve stopped the spreading of communism to neighboring asian countries, also known as the â€Å"domino theory†. The idea of communism started with the election of Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam. Kennedy wasn’t concerned with Vietnam until Lyndon B Johnson called Ngo Dinh Diem the â€Å"Winston Churchill of Asia† because, Diem was the only one trying to resist the communists and Johnson promised to help him. Noam Chomsky, a US philosopher, stated that if a country better its economy due to communism, neighboring countries would try to improve their economy using communism, as seen when China influenced North Vietnam. Had communism been successfully spread to South Vietnam, then Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. Also, other countries would’ve lost faith in the US for not prote cting S.Vietnam in their time of need. This shows that the US needed to fight this war to stop the communistic ideals from spreading to countries and to keep the confidence of other countries around the world, so that they could help the US when the US needs them. The second world war as necessary  because, it showed how the world responds to a fascist ruler controlling a major country, trying to claim the world. It also showed how the US would react when attacked by another major country. Hitler want to create a â€Å"master race†, which was blonde-haired, blue-eyed people. So when he came into power, he had convinced the german people that jewish people were less than humans and should be treated as such. Thus he started taking over various countries in Europe and started killing jewish people to start his plan. While that was happening, the US was maintaining neutrality and supplying Britain, Russia, and China with weapons until the japanese attacked pearl harbor on December 1941. The US then declared war on Japan and fought in the Pacific theater until August 15th, 1945. Had the axis powers won World War II, North America and South America would be surrounded by dictators ready to destroy democracy and take over the world. Also, H itler’s plan would’ve probably been completed and the world would’ve been comprised of blonde, blue-eyed people. However, the war told us that when we are concerned with individualism, we become selfish and corrupted or under the influence of corrupted selfish nations. This war was needed because, when one tries to dominate and take over another country, we become blinded and end falling. We need teamwork to stay strong in the world. Finally, the Revolutionary War was necessary because, it allowed rights normally granted by the king, to be for every single individual. It also sparked other revolutions, along with stopping Britian from controlling the colonies. When the French Indian War concluded, King George III made the Proclamation of 1763, which stated that no colonists may settle west of the Appalachian and anyone other than Indians there had to move from the area. The Boston Massacre also brought them closer to the revolution, because British soldiers killed 5 civilians for calling them names. The Stamp Act of 1765, Townshend Act of 1767, and the Tea Act of 1773, were all attempt of Britian to try and control the colonies in North America. However after the war, the Declaration of Independence was signed and Britian let the colonies rule themselves. With this newfound freedom, the colonists were allowed to trade with anyone they wanted, colonize past the Appalachian Mountains, set up a new government and th e British moved out of the colonies. Had the colonists lost the war, the US would probably still be under British rule to this day. Even with all this evidence that war is necessary, people still see war as a terrible thing. Going back to the Vietnam War, the Vietnamese War could’ve been avoided because the US could’ve stayed neutral and let the problem in Vietnam blow over, instead of sacrificing 50,000 men. The war would’ve been avoided and Vietnam would’ve became a communist country along with possibly, part of Asia. Robert McNamara, defense chief under John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson, says that he doubted Vietnam would let China or Russia use them as a base, but that’s the US had feared at the time. The US had feared that China or Russia would use them as a base they could use to control more parts of Asia. The Vietnamese could’ve probably fought the war themselves and probably resisted the communistic ways of China and/or Russia. The belief about if war is needed in the world or not cuts both ways. Either that it helps bring everlasting peace in the world closer or it’s useless and all it does is kill off innocent people. War is a big thing that stops countries from trying to gain total global domination or keeping them at bay until they give up. Until that happens, there will be allies who will attack at a moments notice when a country is trying to bite off more than it can chew.There are so many more examples of how war is necessary in the world that this would be a lot longer than it is already. The concept of war may seem bad, but in the end, it’s all worth it.

Christmas Traditions Explained for ESL Class

Christmas Traditions Explained for ESL Class Christmas is one of the most important holidays in the English speaking world. There are many Christmas traditions in these countries. The traditions are both religious and secular in nature. Here is a short guide to the most common Christmas traditions. What Does the Word Christmas Mean? The word Christmas is taken from Christs Mass or, in the original Latin, Cristes maesse. Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus on this day. Is Christmas Only a Religious Holiday? Certainly, for practicing Christians around the world, Christmas is one the most important holiday of the year. However, in modern times, traditional Christmas festivities have become much less related to the Christ story. Examples of these other traditions include Santa Claus, Rudolf the Red Nose Reindeer, and others. Why Is Christmas so Important? There are two reasons: 1. There are approximately 1.8 billion Christians in a total world population of 5.5 billion, making it the largest religion worldwide. 2. And, some think more importantly, Christmas is the most important shopping event of the year. It is claimed that up to 70 percent of many merchants annual revenue is made during the Christmas season. It is interesting to note that this emphasis on spending is relatively modern. Christmas was a relatively quiet holiday in the USA until the 1860s. Why Do People Give Gifts on Christmas Day? This tradition most probably is based on the story of the three wise men (the Magi) giving gifts of gold, incense, and myrrh following the birth of Jesus. However, it is important to note that gift giving has only become popular in the last 100 years as figures such as Santa Claus have come to be more important, and emphasis has been shifted to giving gifts to children. Why Is There a Christmas Tree? This tradition was begun in Germany. German immigrants moving to England and the USA brought this popular tradition with them and it has since become a much-loved tradition for all. Where Does the Nativity Scene Come From? The Nativity Scene is accredited to Saint Francis of Assissi in order to teach people about the Christmas story. Nativity Scenes are popular around the world, especially in Naples, Italy that is famous for its beautiful Nativity Scenes. Is Santa Claus Really St. Nicholas? Modern day Santa Claus has very little to do with St. Nicholas, though there are certainly similarities in the style of dressing. Today, Santa Claus is all about the presents, whereas St. Nicholas was a Catholic saint. Apparently, the story Twas the Night before Christmas  has a lot to do with changing St. Nick into modern day Santa Claus. Christmas Traditions Exercises Teachers can use this Christmas traditions reading in class to help start a conversation on how Christmas traditions are different around the world, and whether traditions have changed in their own countries.

Basant Should Not Be Banned

Basalt should be allowed to celebrate as it has now become a part of our peoples culture, heritage and lifestyle and nobody has a right to ban them. Basalt is deeply rooted in peoples psyche and lifestyle. Most the public are not only against the ban on Basalt but also are offended by this government decision. Main E]AZ, acting district coordination officer during the Decos absence said, Basalt should not be banned because It attracts people from all over the world and is a cultural event. He lamented about grave problems caused by Basalt but said that the public was unwilling to support a ban (All 7). Basalt has been in our tradition from a long time and has become a custom and very important part of our lives. But there are some people especially elisions ones who raise the point of Basalt being a Hindu festival and demand a ban on it. Actually this is not the case; this is Just wrong accusation made by these people to show their importance in the community. The Hindu festival which these people refer is Vacant Panoramic which is also called Basalt. Vacant Panoramic is the Hindu festival that highlights the advent of spring. It is a Hindu festival celebrating the glory of Shirtwaist, the goddess of knowledge, music and art. In India particularly Indian Bengal, during this festival children are taught to write their first words; Brahmins are fed; ancestors worship (Pit-tartan) Is performed; the god of love Kamikaze Is worshipped ( Manhood). The festival Hindu celebrates only Limits to worshipping, wearing same color clothes and meeting each other. There Is no sign of kite flying In their festival.So our tradition Is different from theirs. This means that to say this festival Is UN-locals Is a wrong statement. Basalt Is a huge and a big festival which Is recognized all over the world. It Is a sport which mainly exists In Pakistan but Is well known to all the rest of the world. It Is a colorful festival consisting not only of tie flying but also of music. People gather together to enjoy and celebrate the arrival of spring. Basalt is also a way of attracting tourists not only national but also international.According to the newspaper reporter, Hasty Sadder, It attracts tourists, not just locally but from all over the world (7). Because of the uniqueness of Basalt, Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab, the Basalt Kite Festival, held in Lahore, has become such a major tourist attraction that people flock from countries worldwide to participate in this unique occasion. The increase in tourism due to Basalt in turn boosts the economy of Pakistan. It provides different sources of income to the country; through hotels, restaurant and others ways.Another reason why Basalt should not be banned is the amount of revenue generated from it is enormous. There are several ways in which revenue is generated during the Basalt. Thousands of people travel and visit Pakistan to Join in the festival. The revenue from the hotels greatly increases during Basalt because of the increased tourists. Kite flying is not the only way of generating revenue. During the festival a lot of events sake place such as musical events and food streets are Jammed packed with people. The intense economic activity that went with Basalt (trade, travel, hotel, tourism, shopping, etc. ) was touching the $ 250 million mark ? not bad, for a week-long celebration. To top it off various other quality festivals started around the Basalt bonanza (notably the music conference and the international drama and puppet festival) (Mira 3). However, there is some opposition and criticism about the Basalt being not profitable, rather resulting in losses due to damages done on the electric wires and poles.According to All Prevail, a newspaper reporter, Basalt also faced opposition from Water and Power Development Authority (WPAD) and its distribution companies mainly the Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESSON) and Granular Electric Power Company (COP) as kite flying also resulted in frequent power tripping besides damaging the sensitive installations of WPAD and its companies. The main cause of this power failure is the use of metallic or chemical- coated string. These strings, when comes contact with electric wires causes the wire to tear and power tripping.But this is a problem which can be easily resolved. By introducing and properly implementing a law which impose a ban on the use of such types of strings can result in overcoming this power failure and claims made by these companies. Kite flying business is a very large one. The industry related to it is very large with a very large market. About a week or two before the Basalt, shopkeeper starts to make preparations of selling kites and strings. Huge numbers of shops are set up and people invest millions of rupees in the trade. Many people are employed in the factories in which kites and strings are made. String and kite makers are irking overtime on roadsides and in small factories in places like Shadier, Murdered, Buchannan, Chair and Shadbush. Kite making has become a sort of cottage industry involving even women and children the year round (Hanoi). So if Basalt is banned, thousands of workers will get unemployed. There would be no source of income for such families and they would be in a very bad condition. For example, during the Basalt the owners of the previously abandoned and dilapidated houses in Glissandos food street become rich overnight as many multi-national companies hustle to rent their rooftops for the occasion.The ban on Basalt would affect them along with other in the kite flying business very roughly. The main incidents that lead to the ban on Basalt were the use of the metallic and chemical- coated strings. Basalt was officially banned in 2005 when a great deal of people in various cities including Rawlins lost their lives due to metallic or chemical-coated issue regarding the ban was the damages that these razor-sharp strings caused. Many people lost lives by getting their neck cut by strings while driving motorcycles or walking. But banning is not the solution. Government should restrict the use of these types of strings.Also during these two days of kite flying, government should set a curfew on the people walking and driving motorcycles because most of the accidents happen to them. The government should alternatively provide free public bus transport during these days to accommodate people who want to travel. In conclusion, Basalt should not be banned as it creates revenue for a country and most importantly is a part of our culture. To ban Basalt is Just like erasing an integral part our culture which is unacceptable. Yes, there have been many unfortunate incidents in the recent past but banning Basalt because of them is not the solution.For example, no government has banned flying of aircraft because some planes have crashed in the long history. They rather focused on making flying a safer experience. Likewise, the government should focus on making this festival safer by reducing loss to life and property to minimum and nil if possible. Designated grounds should have been prepared for flying kites and citizens who wish to participate in the activity should have been facilitated to do so in safety in these designated areas. Banning a festival which was like the smile of a child in spirit is too harsh a step ?akin to rendering the city soulless (Sadder 7).

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Personal Statement - Essay Example While at David Game College I have learned academically and socially. My major subjects include accounting, statistics and economics. I have outstanding marks in all of these courses. I feel that the instructors have done an excellent job preparing me for more in-depth study of Economics and Finance. My minor subjects at this time are maths, statistics and information technology. I believe that this combination of academic subjects has laid a proper foundation for my future studies. I especially feel that my information technology class has been helpful in showing me the possibilities for using technology to apply my knowledge of Economics and Finance. My time at David Game College has helped me to grow and mature as a student and as a friend. I have especially benefited from the opportunities I have been given to work collaboratively with classmates. An important learning experience came when I was assigned to produce a report with two other students that held very little in common with myself. While uncomfortable at first, we soon found that the most important thing we shared in common was the desire to do well on the report. As a result, we began to focus on our common goal instead of differences in culture and belief. We completed the report and received outstanding marks. This was an important learning experience because I realize that working in Economics and Finance will require me to work with all kinds of people from all over the world. I learned that if you focus on a common goal, differences seem to be less important. These are exciting times for the study of Economics and Finance. The global recession and financial meltdown, state debt and trade relations are in the news daily. I believe that when times are bleak, knowledge and understanding are the only things that can help to brighten a situation. Understanding the complexities of a national economy and then being able to apply

Management of Change and Organisational Development Essay

Management of Change and Organisational Development - Essay Example In our discussions, we realized that change means a variation or the altering of the established way of life or how we live and which people in an organization or an entity are accustomed to normally. We also concluded that the change that we required for organizational development could be affected by the internal or external environment in which we functioned and the change occurring in that environment. Change is usually premeditated, natural or imposed upon the persons it is likely to affect. Every person in a particular group is often required to participate in change by waiting till the change occurs naturally or may take necessary steps that are preventive that can strengthen the group. Change may be external whereby it affects the development of a group and may include educational or cultural forces, social and economic forces while internal forces may include composition and policy of those involved, changes in the personnel, attitudes and feelings of those involved and the work involved amongst other factors. McLean 2006 (p25) argues that change theorists such as Lewin argue that if you want to understand properly a system, it is important that the person first seek to change it in one way or the other. Therefore, a person must be part of the system that he is seeking to change in order to attain the best results. In the research by Lewin about management change and organizational development, he has found that every action research initiative is distinct from the other and that in finding the solution to each, each player must be taken to be unique and understanding the culture of the system. Due to changes in organizations either through different phenomena such as technology and globalization, there has been a necessity for change management plans and strategies for their implementation. Therefore, as a group we were forced to effect change management and organizational development in order to keep in line with the need for improvements in the grou p environment and to remain aligned to the external influences of the organization. Organizational Development in the Group Organizational development is an effort aimed at improving the ability of a group or an entity to solve problems and renew itself through an effective management of the culture of the organization while emphasizing the culture of formal work force from the whole team as involved (McKinney and Howard 1998, p.167). It is always in a planned manner, identifies the problems in the group or organization, and develops strategies for solving the problems and improving on them, and seeks to change the system of particular entities as a whole for example the development of teams and strategy for management. In order to achieve organizational development, there must be a strong desire in change from both the change initiator or the change agent and the person whom the change focuses on, which we tried our best to foster in the group by employing different strategies. Due to the changing face or dynamism of the environment in which an entity exists there are efforts made as a response known as organizational development. The factors that caused the need for organizational development in our group included rapid and unexpected changes and the sustained growth of organizations. The other changes that necessitated the need for organizational development are increased diversity and change in managerial behaviour

Optimism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Optimism - Essay Example Furthermore, the study concludes that irrespective of its nature, components, and roots, optimism has remarkably positive impact on human life and conditions. Defining Optimism Anthropologist, Lionel Tiger defines optimism as â€Å"a mood or attitude associated with an expectation about the social or material future-one which the evaluator regards as socially desirable, to his [or her] advantage, or for his [or her] pleasure† (18 qtd. in Peterson 44).On the other hand, optimism is attributed to be a sense of personal control, and ability to identify meaning in one’s own life experiences. Optimism is a valuable psychological resource which is long believed to be associated with mental health (Frankle, 1963; Seligman, 1998; Taylor, 1989 qtd. in Taylor et al. 99).Such psychological resources become extremely important when individuals are exposed to challenging or threatening occurrences (Taylor 1164).These resources work as reserves which enables people to cope with diffi cult situations in an efficient manner (Taylor et al. 99).Theorists Scheier and Carver(1985) referred optimism as a generalized anticipation that good as compared to bad will happen an individual confronts problem in crucial domains of life(qtd. in Franken 476). In general, the idea of optimism refers to an individual’s overall positive approach towards life and what it has to offer. Biological Component of Optimism Lionel Tiger (1979) puts forth the biological explanation of optimism. He maintains that in early days, when human left forests, being hunters they had to face death and injuries continuously. Because human mind is inclined towards learning from experiences, he abandoned the tasks associated with negative results. Therefore, it is biological adaption for humans to develop a basic sense of optimism. Furthermore, Tiger argues that when human body is injured, it releases endorphins. Generally, endorphins have two attributes; analgesic attributes which decreases the f eeling of pain, and feelings of euphoria. Humans are biologically adaptive to positive emotions when injured in order to keep the process going (hunting) due to our ancestors’ experiences, therefore, optimism is a trait which is induced biologically (Franken 1994, qtd. in Dunavold 4). Several theorists believe that optimism is a personality trait rather than an emotion. They regard optimism as an inborn temperament which means that people are inherently optimistic or pessimistic ( Dunavold 4). Learned Component of Optimism Many researchers believed that optimism is a way of thinking which can be learned. As Martin Seligman’s idea of learned optimism, in addition to Daniel Goleman confirm that the concept that both hope and optimism can be learned. He identifies that self-efficacy leads to hope and optimistic view in life. Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one has control over life events and his ability to meet the challenges as they appear in life (qtd. in Dunav old 4). However, Dunavold disagrees with the theory and states that, â€Å"... optimism can (not) be learned. Dr. Seligman’s method of teaching optimism relies heavily on active thought processes which I believe is more of a cognitive activity...Optimism can (not) be reinforced or stifled. Additionally†¦

Management Of Strategic Policy In Education Education Essay

Management Of Strategic Policy In Education Education Essay What is sport. According to the Concise Oxford Online Dictionary, sport is being described as an activity which involves the physical exertion and skill in which a person or team competes against one another. Sports should be included as part of a whole in a students life. Sports can actually benefits in health and also train one to develop skills like teamwork as they can be the leaders among the students in the sport team. As such, Berry Berry Easy blog claimed that their readers have actually benefitted from their participation in various sports which they most voluntarily participated in the sports of their choice. But in the current era, students are not being active in sports and they need to be forced in order to get them into sports. They prefer playing online games where there is no much physical exertion involves. As so, taking this matter into the consideration, our Ministry of Education in Malaysia have come up with a policy. We would like to highlight the latest 1Student 1Sport policy which is being introduced by the Ministry of Education in Malaysia. This policy is being introduced in the hope that we can produce more students who are well balanced in both academic and sports. Policy implementation, Dye (2002) indicates that implementation involves all of the activities designed to carry out the policies enacted by the legislative branch. These activities include the creation of new organizations like departments, agencies, bureaus, and so on, or the assignment of new responsibilities to existing organizations. These organizations must translate laws into operational rules and regulations. They must hire personnel, draw up contracts, spend money, and perform tasks. All of these activities involve decisions by bureaucrats decisions that determine policy. Definition According the 1M1S Guidebook, it states that One Student One Sport Policy (1M1S) requires all the students to participate in at least one sport activity in schools. This policys main aim is to support the implementation and in line with the National Education Philosophy that focuses to produce individuals who are physically, spiritually, intellectually and emotionally balanced. This policy is in line with the National Sport Policy, which emphasized on the Sports for All and Sports for Excellence. 1M1S policy program requires every student from Standard 4 in primary schools up to Form 6 in secondary school to complete at least one sporting activity conducted in a planned and systematic way. 1S 1M policy is based on the basic principles of physical development of pupils. Hence, 1S 1M policy is created to provide access for all pupils to benefit from participation in sports in particular to those who were less active or not; develop a school sport towards increasing the participation rate of students in at least one sport in schools; and to provide opportunities for all students who are talented and have the potential to be polished to a higher level. (1M1S Guidebook, 2011) According the 1M1S Guidebook, a sport is very important in building up the physical ability of pupils to support and in line with the phrase Minda yang Cerdas terletak pada Tubuh yang Sihat which means an intelligent mind lies within a healthy body. In this circumstance, sports play an important role in nurturing an active, productive and healthy human in order to be able to contribute to the economic development as well as to the social welfare. Thus, a variety of sports were introduced in order to attract the students practicing an active and healthy lifestyle. Ministry of Education (MoE) implemented 1S1M policy so that every student benefits and gets to enjoy the sports in hope of forming the next generation of sports culture in line with the academic requirements (1M1S Guidebook, 2011). Theory and Concept In short, the elite theory is viewed as the preferences and values of governing elite. As said by Dye (2002), public officials and administrators merely carry out the policies decided on by the elite. Policies flow downward from elites to masses; the policy does not arise from mass demands. This elite theory instigates the top-down approach in the policy implementation process. Educational development and policy in Malaysia have always been characterized by governments effort to adapt education to address to social, economic and political development needs of the country. The Malaysian education system is a highly centralized and bureaucratic system where most of the important policy decision making occurs outside the schools. The MoE decides on the allocation of funds to schools, prescribes and standardizes what should be taught in schools, transfers teachers in and out of schools and formulates top-down school reforms (Zabidi, 2012). Approaches and Models According to PÃ ¼lzl and Treib (2006), there are three generations of implementation research that can be categorized into three distinct theoretical approaches in order to study the implementation. The first model described by PÃ ¼lzl and Treib (2006) will be the top-down models in which their emphasis rely on the ability of the decision makers to produce unambiguous policy objectives and on controlling the implementing stage. The second will be the bottom-up models in which it critiques and view the local bureaucrats as the main actors in the policy delivery and conceive of implementation as negotiation processes within networks among the implementers. And lastly the synthesizer theories in which it tries to overcome the divide between the two approaches by incorporating elements of top-down and bottom-up theoretical models. In this case study, we are considering the Top-down theory as we believe that all policies implemented in Malaysia are based on the Top-down theory. It is always been that the policy makers who are the government will annouce the policy that they have planned and let the implementers who are the teachers to implement the policy accordingly. In an article taken from TheStar online dated 18th March 2010, The Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, said that sports will be introduced to school timetables in year 2011 as a new subject. He also mentioned that under the 1Student, 1Sport policy, secondary school students would get 90 minutes a week to play a game of their choice, while primary pupils would spend 60 minutes weekly. He emphasized that the Physical Education subject would still be taught as it had a specific syllabus. This shows that the Minister is giving the suggestion and also assurance of what the students will get out of the 1M1S policy when it is being implemented. In an article taken from TheStar online dated 14th July 2010, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin mentioned We have informed our officers on the appropriate ways to implement this at both primary and secondary school levels, as students of different ages have a different approach to sports, at a press conference after opening the Second Asean Schools Games at the Kuala Lumpur Football Stadium. This shows that the Malaysia uses the Top-down theory in implementing the 1M1S policy. This excerpt defines that the Ministers cabinet was told on how to implement this policy in schools to cater the needs of different levels of students. Above mentioned articles shows the scenario happening in Malaysia where the Deputy Prime Minister also the Education Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin announces the 1M1S policy in public behalf of the Education Ministry board. This claim can be supported by the top-down theories started from the assumption that policy implementation starts with a decision made by central government as said by PÃ ¼lzl and Treib (2006). As PÃ ¼lzl and Treib (2006) mentioned, the top downers essentially followed a prescriptive approach that interpreted policy as input and implementation as output factors. The author also mentioned due to their emphasis on decisions of central policy makers, deLeon (2001) describes top-down approaches as a governing elite phenomenon. PÃ ¼lzl and Treib (2006) also claimed that Press and Wildavsky started from the assumption that policy objectives are set out by central policy makers in which it refers to the the Ministry of Education. The authors also underlined the linear relationship between agreed policy goals and their implementation. Implementation therefore implied the establishment of adequate bureaucratic procedures to ensure that policies are executed as accurately as possible. To this end, implementing agencies should have sufficient resources at their disposal, and there needs to be a system of clear responsibilities and hierarchical control to supervise the actions of implementers (PÃ ¼lzl and Treib, 2006). This can be seen that the Malaysia Education Ministry assumes the 1M1S policy formation and execution as disticnt activities in which the 1M1S policy is set at the higher levels and then sent out the order of implementation to their lower level bureaucrats who are the implementing agencies; the ed ucation officers in all levels (state,district and school) which are then charged with the managerial, administrative and technical tasks of putting the 1M1S policy into practice. The MoE also gives the time to accomplish the implementation without considering the sufficient resources that needed to ensure the implementation to succeed. Some selected models of policymaking are taken into consideration before implementing the 1M1S policy via top-down approach. The first model that is taken into consideration is the institutionalism model where the model treats the policy as institutional output. According to Dye (2002), the relationship between the public policy and government institutions is very close in which the policy is authoritatively determined, implemented and enforced by government institutions, namely Parliament, Prime Minister, bureaucracies and so on. In accordance to this model, 1M1S policy is being authoritatively determined and enforced by the MoE. The second model that counts is the rationalism model which treats the policy as maximum social gain. Dye (2002), stated that no policy should be adopted if its costs exceed its benefits. The policy is considered rational when the difference between the values it achieves and the values it sacrifices is positive and is greater than any other policy alternatives. Reflecting from this models point of view in this 1M1S policy, the outcome in future will be beneficial to the country as this policy will produce more talented sports people in various sports activities, get participated in many international games and making our country proud by winning more medals in various games. Implementation Techniques Utilized In the case of 1 Student 1 Sport (1M1S) policy, information provision technique is highly utilized. The provision of information is an essential element of the functioning of any community. Providing information in a timely and targeted manner can be a huge benefit. Without a means to provide facts and data, policy implementers would not be able to make well-considered decisions about how the policy should be operated. The 1M1S Policy Implementation Handbook was published in order to help policy implementers with the dispersion of the policy. Through the handbook, the states education office, the districts education office, the schools sport development committee, the teachers, as well as the Parents Teachers Associations, are given guidelines on how to employ the policy. School sports program implementation under 1M1S policy is to be conducted throughout the year. However, schools are encouraged to plan the implementation of sports programs in accordance with the availability, affordability and creativity and innovation the schools. There are a total of 42 different sports/games intended for the implementation of the 1M1S. The policy makers also proposed some sports activities to be carried out throughout the year. For example general sports programs which includes cross-country, and track and field. In the handbook, 15 strategies in carrying out the 1M1S policy were also presented. Every school is recommended to follow the strategies presented depending on the facility and the existing infrastructure in schools. Schools are given the flexibility to choose, determine or modify the method of execution as appropriate, means and needs of the school. Schools may also plan other methods if deemed appropriate. Some examples of those strategies would be to undertake survey to identify student interest in certain sports, survey of sports facilities in and outside the school that can be used by students, and scheduling school sports program activities in accordance with the appropriate time based on the background and school facilities. The Ministry of Education also provided sports training modules for school sports club advisory teachers. Currently there are 20 training modules for 10 different sports are made available for both primary and secondary schools through the MoEs website. These modules are helpful as guidelines for sports club advisory teachers and trainers, and are also useful as visual aids for students in the course of their training. The management guideline for track and field (athletics) championships in school is also made available in the MoEs website. This is useful as it will aid teachers especially novice teachers in managing athletics championships in school, as it provides proper guidance. Professional circulars, and sports and co-curriculum press letters are also given out by the MoE from time to time, in order to steer policy implementers towards achieving the goal of the policy. Thus it is evident that, in the implementation of 1M1S, the policy makers rely heavily on information provision as an instrument of policy implementation. Implementers Involved There are many implementers involved in the diffusion of 1 Student 1 Sport. As the students are the target group for the policy, the school itself is the main implementer of the policy. The school must hold competitions between levels, classes, sports houses, dorms, and sports clubs of schools. The students participation in the District School Sports Council (Majlis Sukan Sekolah-Sekolah Daerah [MSSD]) or State School Sports Council (MSSM) competitions as well as on international level are counted as 1Student 1Sport activities. But who is the school? Who is responsible for all those competition? Every school has a School Sports Development Committee. Teachers are a big part of the implementers involved. Teachers are appointed as heads of smaller managing committees, sports/club advisors, and also trainers. This is indeed a great challenge for teachers, as they are already laden with other school tasks. The Co-curricular Senior Assistant Teacher is also an important implementer figure. The Co-curricular Senior Assistant Teacher is responsible for the smooth administration of the co-curricular activities, enhancing student performance as well as the involvement and participation of teachers in extra-curricular activities. Moreover, they are also responsible to work with the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) of the schools regarding co-curriculum matters, who are the implementers involved as well. Parents Teachers Associations are also integral to the implementation of the policy. With support and provisions by the PTA, it can provide insights and lessen the burden of the teachers in the diffusion of the policy. The Chairman of the School Sports Development Committee is the principal/headmaster of the schools. The District Education Office acts as the advisor, while the State Education Office is the Patron of the School Sports Development Committee. The Principal monitors the operation of the policy at the school level. They then report to the District Education Office, and then the District Education Office reports to the State Education Office. These policy implementers face the reality of promoting the learning of sports to groups of students, with all their diversity and complexity. Moreover each context creates a set of variable with which policy implementers must contend, and policy initiators are often unaware or unimpressed. Policy makers and policy implementers want the same things the best possible educational sports experience for students. These implementers are important in assuring the success of the 1M1S policy diffusion. Monitoring Monitoring helps to access degrees of compliance, discover unintended consequences of policies and programs, identify implementational obstacles and constraints, and locate sources of responsibility for departures from policy. (Dunn, 1994). According to Dunn, there are 2 levels of monitoring: Macroimplementation Monitoring and Microimplementation Monitoring. Macroimplementation monitoring consists of tracing the process by which a policy progresses from legislation to action in order to determine: (i) what is being implemented, (ii) why is it taking a particular form, and (iii) what actions can be taken to influence implementation. Microimplementation monitoring consists of collecting information to describe the a policy has taken in various implementing jurisdictions in order to determine: (i) the extent of compliance, (ii) the adaptation a policy has undergone, (iii) reasons for noncompliance and adaptation, and (iv) manipulatable aspects of implementation. Monitoring of the implementation of the management of 1M1S by the school management is part of the strategy to evaluate and ensure the success and effectiveness of sporting activities undertaken. This aims to examine aspects of management and use of equipment, regulatory compliance, health, safety and welfare and student participation in school sports program. The monitoring process shall be conducted by the school management throughout the year. Improvements are to be carried out by the school from time to time to ensure the implementation of the 1M1S. Policy Problems Policy problems are unrealized needs, values, or opportunities for improvement that may be pursued through public action, as defined by David Dery. According to Russell A. Ackoff, policy problems are products of thought acting on environments; they are elements of problems situation. William N. Dunn also stated that policy problems are the products of subjective human judgment. There are three questions to be considered about the nature of policy problems, as suggested by William N. Dunn. How well do we understand the problem? Have we identified the right objectives? Are we solving the wrong formulation of problem when we should be solving the right one? Problems Encountered in One Student One Sport The availability of school infrastructure School infrastructure is the prior fundamental requirement for the success implementation of the policy One Student One Sport. Schools should have provided adequate sports facilities and equipment to maximize the opportunities of physical activities. Lacking of space, playing fields, sports equipment will cause the deficiency of the policy. Moreover, the variation of sports and its equipment is much limited in schools. Schools in Malaysia which have already established for years inevitably needed an upgrading. The readiness of teachers as sports trainers Teachers are undoubtedly the implementers of the policy, which is to be the sports trainers in schools. Their readiness in terms of physically, mentally or technically is dubious indeed. Most teachers who are involved are assigned by the management of schools. They do not have relevant qualification in sports coaching or physical education. It is a setback for them to coach students instructionally appropriate. The implementation of this policy should not be just letting students to play any sport they wish as usual. The choices of sports in schools The choices of sports in schools are limited as the sports facilities and equipment are not adequate. For those existing sports facilities and equipment in schools, some of them are not well maintained too. As the policy One Student One Sport focuses on students, it is crucial to take in students personal interest of the particular sports into consideration. Hence, the choices of sports in schools are most probably in short supply to cater for students need in their selected physical activities. The different abilities of students Students physical ability is one essential factor to be reflected in the policy of One Student One Sport. Students with strong physical ability or competence will be motivated to participate actively in sports and thus bringing this policy a success. Nevertheless, students who have low physical competence will be marginalized as they are not able to enjoy the sports activities in schools. As a result, they lose interest in sports and this policy becomes an extra burden in their schooling days. The ratio between the number of students and teachers The ratio between students and teachers is an influence factor towards the policy attainment. In most schools, the number of teachers is far more exceeding the number of students. The number of students as participants is not meeting the expected amount. Students tend to defend their absence or nonparticipation by giving all sorts of excuses. The lack of support from parents Parents support directly impacts on the policy of One Student One Sport; either it is a bane or boon. Parents support helps students in developing their interest in sports. However, parents nowadays place a strong emphasis on academic excellence of their children. Students who are examination oriented failed to be beneficial from the policy. Solutions of the policy problems Solution of the policy problems produce information about the likelihood that future courses of action will result in consequences that are valuable to some individual, group or society as a whole, as stated by William N. Dunn. He added that this process engages between the transformations of information about policy futures to action which will then come in valued results. Any solution to the policy problems must be actionable, that is going beyond the fact and involving actions that aim to satisfy need, values and opportunities for improvement, (Alexander George, 1980). Solutions to the Problems Encountered in One Student One Sport Increase the allocation of sports fund in schools Allocation of sports funds in schools should be increased in order to improve on the schools infrastructure. Sports facilities and equipment have to be expanded in terms of quantity, whereas the existing facilities and equipment should be upgraded, especially in their quality. Variation of sports activities should be added in as well as introduced in schools for students. By having a variety of choices, students can have better chance to develop their interest in sports. As a result, the number of students who participate in sports will be raised. Select the right teachers as sports trainers Teachers have to be equipped with high quality coaching skills for the particular sports that they are in charged with. Students need to master the basic skills in their chosen sports as a kick start for their development of interest in sports through teachers coaching. Therefore, teachers as sports trainers have to be instructionally skilled in certain sports. Expertise and technical skills of sports trainers make a difference in students life. Schools management can provide sufficient supports to teachers as a mean to enhance their enthusiasm of being sports trainers in schools. Incorporate sports as part of academic Sports can be incorporated as part of academic as a way to encourage students to be more actively engaged in it. Sports can be integrated in schooling hours, but not to be in the extension of schooling hours. This is hopefully to re-gather the support of parents to encourage their childrens participation. It is intended to minimize the inconvenience of sending their children back to school after schooling hours. Furthermore, sports activities can be accountable for higher percentage in students academic as to counter the problem of examination oriented mindset, either of the students or the parents. Conclusion Every policy started off with a noble purpose. However, the process of implementing it in reality is what it really matters after all. It is not to say that the noble purposes are there to defend any deficiency of the outcomes. Hence, policy in action is what to be the main focus. Undeniably, the evaluation of policy comes after the implementation over a period of time. Problems are identified and then followed by recommended solution. It is a process, a cycle which keeps going on. Sport is an integral part in ones life. One Student One Sport is a policy with the vision of creating a balance and healthy lifestyle among students. It is indeed a well plan policy which seen to be a complete one for the society, schools, teachers and students. Nevertheless, to implement any policy in Malaysia, it has to be confronted with all aspects considering the fact of every school where it will be the setting of the policy implementation. One policy is not to be able to fulfil every ones need.

Smoking Risks Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most popular habits in today’s society is smoking. Yet each year, cigarette smoking kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, homicides, suicides, illegal drugs and fires combined. Smoking is an extremely bad pastime, practiced for centuries, for an individual’s health and those surrounding him/her. People start for many different reasons and get addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. Smoking cause many fatal diseases, but help is available to those who seek it. Cigarette smoking is a disgusting and unhealthy habit. History of Smoking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoking is defined as the action of inhaling tobacco from a pipe, cigar or cigarette. It has been practiced for 100’s of years, including by early North-American natives. Europeans had introduced it into the Old World by the early 16th century (Petrakis). It was continually practiced since then throughout the world, with tobacco companies arising and packaged cigarettes soon available. Smokers would praise it for medicinal reasons and also claimed smoking to be pleasurable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smokers had no knowledge of cigarette smoke’s harm to their health until 1964, when the surgeon general of the U.S Public Health Service concluded that smoking was hazardous to an individual’s health, and soon after it was discovered that second-hand smoke was also hazardous to the health of surrounding non-smokers inhaling it. Reasons Why People Smoke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many reasons why people begin smoking. One of which is insecurity. In an uncertain situation in which a person is not comfortable with their individuality and not confident with themselves, if there are smokers around then that person may be tempted to take up smoking. It might be because they would like to â€Å"fit in† with an unknown group of people, or someone may take it up based on a new friend’s or girl/boyfriend’s influences. Another reason why people take up smoking is because of peer pressure leading to a quick physical addiction. One ingredient in cigarettes is nicotine, and it is extremely addictive. And yet nicotine is not the only physical reason people smoke, they are also get hooked on the taste, smell and the feel of cigarettes. Health Risks of Smoking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the American Heart Association there are an est... ... would distract someone from smoking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The government also encourages people to quit smoking. Cigarette smokers are warned each time they smoke a cigarette of the deadly diseases that could effect their health. By law a warning label must appear on each pack and carton of cigarettes warning buyers of the hazards. There is also a ban on television and radio ads for cigarettes in the United States, and in Canada there is a ban on all advertisements for tobacco companies. It is also illegal to smoke in most public places now, including some restaurants, elevators, the workplace, schools, airlines, public transportation machines and most stores. Also, the Canadian and American governments prohibit the selling of cigarettes to anyone younger than 19 years of age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although there are still many individuals who smoke worldwide, one can hope that sometime in the future there will only be non-smokers. Smoking only proves to lead to an early grave for smokers and non-smokers alike. With medicines, support groups and will power, the world could easily become a cleaner, non-smoking place, because a smoker’s death is an unneeded death.

Is Money the Most Important Thing

Money, fame, a successful career; these are among the things many people would consider to be the most important things in life. What do you think; do you consider the factors above to be the chief things in life? First though, let us agree that regardless of the route we take, our goal in all our pursuits remain essentially the same: Happiness. The problem with most people is that in their pursuit of this state of mind, they often sacrifice too much, sometimes sacrificing even happiness itself along the way! As a result, just when they think they have finally captured the cage that should hold joy and satisfaction, such as by getting to the peak of one's career, they soon discover that the cage is empty. How tragic! Take money or financial success for example. The extent to which money contributes to happiness is probably the most misunderstood phenomenon on earth. Now please do not take me wrong. Money is very important to have in our society. In fact the Late Jim Rohn Says it ranks right up there with oxygen. But as a result, it is highly overrated by most people. Meanwhile various researches have repeatedly proven that slightly above the poverty line, subsequent financial success contributes less and less to a person's state of happiness. This has to be true; otherwise, why are suicide rates among wealthy people and lottery winners among the highest? Likewise those who see fame as the ultimate in life; they soon get disillusioned. Drug overdose and, yes, suicide are particularly high among very famous people. Why? Surely fame has brought them real happiness. So then what? Yes, what things are truly the most important in life? I would propose that the most important things in life are those that bring the greatest happiness to ourselves and those around us. Top on this list would be genuine love and rich relationships, such as is shared among true friends and family members. Next on my list would be a measure of good health and a good relationship with the creator, God. It goes without saying that love is the chief thing in life. What would life amount to if nobody, not even God, shows us affection? Newborn babies soon die when they are denied affection. And adults do not fare much better. We can as well say the same thing about relationships. Developing a healthy relationship with others creates interdependence, which is vital to both personal and your business growth. This is not to say that money and financial success are of no use. No. It is just that they should not be your major focus in life. And that leads us to another item on the most important things in life: wisdom. I will define wisdom as the correct application of knowledge. Wisdom is hugely important in our lives. For example, it takes wisdom to balance your personal MLM business pursuits without sacrificing vital family and other relationships. In deed, it is when we go about our pursuits in this way that we stand the chance of being happy at their attainment. On the other hand, a failure to get these factors in proper order leads so many persons to frustrations. This is because every person has a set of beliefs, or mindset which guides them as they make decisions. This mindset is often shaped by such variables as our individual experiences in life, our education and the environment where a person grew up. This mindset may either be working in our favor or against us. The difference lies in the cumulative outcome of all our decisions. Good results mean that our mindset is working, and vice versa. Bearing in mind that your decisions today will have a significant effect on how the rest of your life turns out. Would it not be better to pay greater attention to the most important things in life as you also go after your MLM success? Interestingly, most wealthy people find that once they get things in proper order, other things naturally fall into place. So enrich your life, approach things in this way.